Keratin, the primary component of nails, can trap drug metabolites. Analysis of nail clippings allows for detection of these substances, typically measured in picograms (pg) or milligrams (mg) per milligram (mg) of nail sample. This measurement provides quantitative data, indicating the amount of substance present and enabling differentiation between chronic and occasional drug use. For example, a higher concentration might suggest regular use while a lower concentration might suggest infrequent or discontinued use.
This method offers several advantages compared to other drug testing methods, such as urine or blood analysis. Nail testing provides a wider detection window, potentially revealing drug use over several months. It is also less susceptible to tampering and offers a convenient sample collection procedure. The development and refinement of analytical techniques, particularly in recent decades, have made nail analysis a increasingly valuable tool in various contexts, including forensic toxicology, workplace drug testing, and clinical monitoring.
