Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing is a cytogenetic technique employed to detect specific chromosomal abnormalities associated with multiple myeloma. This laboratory procedure utilizes fluorescent probes that bind to particular DNA sequences on chromosomes. Analyzing the presence, absence, or altered location of these sequences allows clinicians to identify genetic changes common in myeloma, including deletions, duplications, and translocations. For example, the presence of the t(4;14) translocation, detected through FISH, is associated with a less favorable prognosis.
Accurate interpretation of these results is crucial for prognosis and treatment planning. Understanding the specific chromosomal abnormalities present in a patient’s myeloma cells allows for risk stratification and informs treatment choices, including targeted therapies and stem cell transplantation eligibility. Historical advancements in cytogenetics, including the development of FISH, have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma, providing a more precise understanding of the disease’s heterogeneous nature and enabling personalized treatment approaches.
