Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may lead to temporary swelling of the lymph nodes in the underarm area, potentially causing changes observable in mammographic imaging. This swelling can sometimes mimic the appearance of certain breast abnormalities. Additionally, the development of vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy, a known side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, can also produce similar changes on mammograms.
Understanding the potential impact of viral infection and vaccination on breast imaging is critical for accurate interpretation of mammograms. This knowledge helps avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary anxiety for patients. By recognizing these transient changes as potential effects of the virus or vaccine, healthcare providers can make more informed decisions about additional testing or follow-up. This awareness is particularly significant given the widespread prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination and infection within the global population.