Certain substances, such as ions, move passively or actively from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration across the cell membrane. This movement alters the electrical potential difference across the membrane, shifting it from a negatively charged resting state to a more positive state. A classic example is the influx of sodium ions into a neuron, initiating a nerve impulse.
This change in membrane potential is fundamental to numerous physiological processes. It enables rapid signal transmission in the nervous system, muscle contraction, and hormone secretion. Understanding this process has been crucial for advancements in medicine, pharmacology, and other life sciences, allowing for the development of treatments for conditions like neurological disorders and heart conditions. Early research into bioelectricity laid the groundwork for comprehending this essential cellular mechanism.
